Lewis suggests that language planning in the Soviet Union does not escape from the requirements of the 'national plan'. He says that 'for the Soviet regime, language planning is important because it is part and parcel of the work of the Communist Party; language planning leads to literacy and so opens the way to an understanding of Marxism; Lenin maintained that an illiterate person is outside politics and has to be taught his ABC; without this there can be no polities'. However, although the supremacy of Russian is important, the Soviet Union has an undeniable multiethnic, multilingual tradition that goes back to the Tzarist administration and to some degree still prevails.

Ferguson parts — in this case American English. The changes that took place in Yiddish pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, however, resulted not only from the natural dialect leveling of immigrants from different places of origin but also from conscious efforts of standardization and modernization. (Fishman 1965). Let's take another example of change in the functional allocation of varieties of language in the overall speech community, the disappearance or replacement of the religious register in American English.

Second, a language may be used as a medium of instruction at the elementary level only, either because it is later replaced by another language or because there are no 46 Juan Cobarrubias materials available at a given particular time for a higher level of instruction. A. Third, a language may be used as a medium of instruction at the secondary level after having been studied as a subject at the elementary level; for example, there are several East African countries where English is taught first as a subject at the elementary level and later replaces L j as a medium of instruction at the secondary level.